Kathimerina enimerwnomaste gia erevnes tis koinis gnwmis oi opoies emfanizoun tin apaisiodiksia twn politwn gia to mellon tis xwras kai tin pepoithisi tous gia to oti polu duskola afto to dusoiwno mellon dunatai na allaksei. Idiaitera emfatiki omws tinei na einai I apaisiodoksia kai I apexthia twn politwn –ki idiaitera twn newn- gia tin politiki. Anarwtietai euloga loipon kaneis, pws einai dunaton se mia paradosiaka summetoxiki xwra opws I Ellada na ftasame se afto to simeio ki an ontws uparxei dieksodos, an uparxei kapoio giatriko se aftin tin asthenia tou koinwnikou mas sunolou.
Proswpiki mou apopsi einai oti I riza tou olou provlimatos entopizetai sto gegonos oti stin xwra mas –ki oxi mono- I ennoia tis politikis exei sxedon kath’oloklirian taftistei me aftin tis eksousias. I pleiopsifia oswn emplekontai apo opoiodipote meterizi me tin politiki, asxolountai me aftoskopo kai monadiko tous thelgitro tin eksousia –to kunigi, tin kataktisi kai tin metepeita afaimaksi oswn aporreoun apo aftin. Aftos allwste einai ki o tropos drasis twn sullogikwn upokeimenwn pou droun stin politiki skini – twn politikwn komatwn. Ki ef’oson afta droun me monadiko skopo tous tin kataktisi I tin diatirisi tis opoias morfis eksousias, aporroia aftou apotelei I epimoni pali tous gia tin apofugi opoiasdipote energeias tha mporouse na stathei empodio ston dromo tous pros tin eksousia I stin diatirisi aftis –milw gia to periwnumo politiko kostos. To olon afto skiniko, exei ws logiko kai thluvero sunama epakoloutho tou, tin apaksiwsi tis politikis apo ena megalo komati tis koinwnias mas.
I lusi se afton ton kukewna, einai I epistrofi stin pragmatiki politiki, I epanodos stin riza tis. Kai riza tis politikis den mporei na einai alli apo tin ideologia. Mia ideologia freskia, I opoia tha mporesei na prosferei kaines idees kai na leitourgisei ws puksida gia tin eksevresi swtiriwn monopatiwn makria apo ta tosa provlimata pou mastizoun tin koinwnia mas. O politikos fileleftherismos einai mia ideologia, I opoia mporei na paiksei afton ton rolo. O fileftherismos –an kai evrutata diadedomenos stis dutikes koinwnies- apotelei stin Ellada mia evrews pareksigimeni filosofia, I opoia kata kairous malista exei apotelesei allote to eksilastirio thuma gia tis amarties diaforwn kratikwn leitourgwn ki allote leitourgei ws mpampoulas gia tin prowthisi allotriwn kai idiotelwn mikrokommatikwn sumferontwn.
To komati ekeino tou fileleftherismou to opoio paramenei to pio pareksigimeno einai I atomokentriki tou vasi. O fileleftherismos ws filosofia pairnei ws aparxi tou to atomo. Afto omws se kamia periptwsi omws den simainei oti vasizetai ston egwkentriko wfelimismo I stin agorefsi tis aplistias ws apolutis aretis, opws polloi tou prosdidoun. O fileleftherismos anagnwrizei tin eleftheria ws to upertato agatho kai tin prwtarxiki stoxefsi mias koinwnias ki exei ws vasi tou to pistevw oti kathe anthrwpos dikaioutai na epilegei elefthera tis prakseis tou kai tin poreia zwis tou ef’oson aftes den empodizoun tin antistoixi eleftheria enos sunanthrwpou tou sto na epilegei tis dikes tou. Akrivws otan ola aneksairetws ta meli mias koinwnias prattoun me vasi tis proswpikes tous stoxefseis, tote kai mesw tis ethelontikis sunergasias, einai dunaton na epitefxthoun kai evruteroi koinwniki stoxoi me ta evergetikotera apotelesmata. Min lismonoume, oti I koinwnia den einai tipota parapanw apo ena athroisma atomwn. O Alexis de Tocquiville, o Gallos fileleftheros filosofos, einai allwste aftos o opoios xaraktirise tin epistimi twn sunergeiwn (science of assossiations) ws tin mitera olwn twn epistimwn se mia koinwnia.
Polloi fileleftheroi stoxastes proeidopoioun gia tous kindunous pou emperiexei I Idia I dimokratia, tous opoious paratiroume na ksediplwnontai stis sugxrones koinwnies. O F.A.Hayek anaferetai ektenws stous kindunous pou aporreoun apo tin upesugkentrwsi eksousiwn, tous opoious efiws periegrapse me mia diasimi frasi tou o Lord Acton: “Olwn twn eidwn oi eksousies diaftheiroun, I apoluti eksousia diafthirei apoluta”. O J.S.Mill proeidopoiei gia tin turrania tis pleiopsifias kai to pws afti mporei na odigisei se katastaseis ekfulismou tis dimokratias. Gia afton akrivws ton logo o Karl Popper tonizei tin anagki uparksis afstiris kritikis ki elegxou kathe morfis eksousias apo tous polites, oi opoioi prepei na droun ws agrupnoi frouroi tis eleftherias kai tis dimokratias. Parallila, polloi alloi opws o John Rawls, sugkentrwnontai stin idea tis koinwnikis dikaisunis I opoia oxi mono den antivainei stis pepoithiseis tou fileleftherismou, alla stoxevei stin dimiourgia mias koinwnias allilegiis, I opoia tha steketai ston antipoda tou grafeikratikou teratos pou legetai kratos – stin morfi pou afto katelikse se xwres opws I Ellada.
Einai profanws polu periorismenos o xwros gia na anaptuxthoun ola ekeina ta simeia tis fileleftheris politikis filosofias ta opoia tha mpourousan na leitourgisoun ws faroi gia tin epilusi twn adieksodwn twn sugxronwn koinwniwn. To simeio ekeino omws to opoio isws apotelei kai to pio krisimo olwn, einai I koini pepoithisi olwn aneksairetws twn ekfrastwn tou fileleftherismou, gia tin varunousa simasia pou exei I atomiki prwtovoulia kai I atomiki efthuni.
Idiaitera se kairous duskolous, o kathe politis tha prepei na skeftetai prwtistws to diko tou meridio efthunis kai to pws tha mporesei aftos na sunisferei sto na allaksei I katastasi, apomakrunomenos apo tin apathi idiwtefsi (me tin arxaioelliniki ennoia tou orou idiwtis, ws mi xrisimos politis). Oloi mas eimaste upaitioi ws energoi polites mias dimokratias gia tin koinwnia mesa stin opoia zoume. Emeis tin dimiourgisame, emeis tin odigisame se aftin tin katastasi, emeis eimaste aftoi pou mporoume kai na tin allaksoume. Me to na allaksoume nootropia kai tropo thewrisis twn pragmatwn, me to na min dexomaste amasiti trofi kai na afksisoume tin kritiki mas dunotita, me to na min menoume apathis ki apragoi se katastaseis kai sumperifores pou ektrefoun kai pagiwnoun ta simerina adieksoda, me to na summetexoume energa stis diafores diergasies mias zwogonou koinwnias politwn. Emeis – oxi ta kommata, I kuvernisi I opoiodipote allos “pateroulis”. Emeis, o kathenas ksexwrista ki oloi mazi san ena sunolo atomwn.
O Popper –megalos polemios tou istorikou nteterminismou- eixe grapsei oti “I istoria den grafetai prin pragmatwthei. Kai tin dimiourgoume emeis me tis epiloges mas”. Kairos einai pistevw na arxisoume na droume pros tin pragmatwsi mias neas selidas tis…
The art of moderation
9 years ago
