O mpampoulas tis oikonomikis krisis kseskepazei ton alithino(?) Barack Obama

Paratirontas kaneis tin koini gnwmi den mporei para na diaisthanthei, mia oloena ki afksanomeni anisuxia twn politwn gia tin ekseliksi twn pragmatwn sto metwpo tis pagkosmias oikonomias. Anamesa se oles tis diaforetikes apopseis, teinoun na emfanizontai duo koines paradoxes. To oti afti einai I megaluteri oikonomiki krisi meta tin Megali Yfesi twn 30s ki episis oti oloi exoun strammeno to vlema stin neoeklegeisa kuvernisi twn IPA. Apo tin genneteira tis krisis perimenoun na erthei ki I lutrwsi. Tipote den einai fusika tuxaio, kathws an sto timoni tis uperdunamis paremene o allistou mnimis GW Bush, polu amfivallw an tha upirxe estw ki enas politis pou na ilpize stis kiniseis twn IPA gia eksodo tis pagkosmias oikonomias apo tin krisi. Omws, oi IPA apo ton Noemvrio –tupika apo ton Ianouario- diathetoun neo igeti sto timoni. O Barack Hussein Obama, eklextike ws o megalos anamorfwtis. I amerikaniki koinwnia, alla ki olokliri I ifilios, enapothese panw tou to –varutato omologoumenws- fortio tis gefurwsis twn xasmatwn –koinwnikwn, oikonomikwn, politikwn- pou klirodotise I oktaetia Bush, mazi kai tin elpida oti o neos proedros tha dwsei mia nea pnoi ki wthisi stin xwra gia na antimetwpisei ta oloena ki afksanomena provlimata. O Obama gnwrize oti to megalutero kai pio epeigon provlima sto opoio tha kaleito na dwsei ameses luseis, itan I oikonomiki krisi. Apo tin stigmi tis orkomwsias tou kai meta, o kainourios proedros katestise safes se olous tous tonous oti I katapolemisi tis tha einai I apoluti proteraiotita tou prwtou xronou tis diakuvernisis tou. Afto omws den simainei oti oi mexri stigmis kiniseis tou exoun apodeixthei antaksies twn prosdokiwn.
Anamfisvitita, to megalutero komati stin pita tis oikonomikis krisis to katexei o trapezikos tomeas. Ystera apo tin kratiki swtiria tis Bear Sterns tin anoiksi tou 2008 –I opoia kata pasa pithanotita apotelese kai tin arxiki spitha gia ola osa akolouthisan- kai tin ptwxefsi tis Lehman Brothers to fthinopwro, oi amerikanikes trapezes, I mia meta tin alli, deixnoun etoimes na katarrefsoun san trapouloxarta. Pagkosmioi kollossoi opws I Citigroup alla ki o asfalistikos gigantas me ta pilina podia AIG, me tis xrimatistiriakes tous aksies na tinoun stin ekmidenisi, epafiwntai pleon mono stin agkalia tou kratous gia tin epiviwsi tous. Poia einai mexri stigmis I politiki tis kuvernisis Obama ws lusi se olon afton ton kukewna? Sunexeis, stadiakes xrimatikes eneseis (cash injections) stis provlimatikes trapezes (tis evrews apokaloumenes kai zombie banks), me monadiko stoxo tin vraxuprothesmi epiviwsi tous. To gegonos oti I stratigiki tis kuvernisis den xaraktirizetai apo ena safes makroprothesmo plano, einai gia pollous analutes to simantikotero aitio tis katarrefsis tis empistosunis kai tis katholikis epikratisis tou panikou, toso metaksu twn politwn-katanalwtwn oswn kai twn agorwn. Pleon safis apodeiksi twn parapanw den tha mporouse na einai alli apo to prwtofanes katrakulisma tou xrimatistiriou tis Neas Yorkis kai pio sugkekrimena tou deikti Dow Jones, o opoios apo tis 8,280 monades pou vriskotan tin imera tis orkomwsias tou Obama, epese katw apo to psuxologiko orio twn 7,000 monadwn se ligotero apo enamisi mina kai twra xaropalevei ligo panw apo tis 6,500 me ta senaria gia peraiterw kathuzisi na kuriarxoun. Pleon, den uparxei kaneis pou na amfivalei – I krisi pou antimetwpizoume einai krisi empistosunis.

Megalos arithmos egkritwn oikonomologwn stin Ameriki, exontas thoruvithei apo tis teleftaies ekselikseis, askoun drumeia kritiki stin kuvernisi Obama gia ta mexri stigmis imimetra pou exei parei. To pleon aksioprosekto einai oti proerxontai apo olo to politiko/ideologiko fasma. Malista, orismenoi eks’aftwn –proeksarxontws tou fileleftherou prwin proedrou tis FED Alan Greenspan kai tou, prosfatws vravefthentos me Nobel, keunsianou aristerou (radical liberal) Paul Krugman (!!)- proevisan se mia anatreptiki protasi. Me apla logia, eriksan sto trapezi ws “ligotero kaki” lusi, tin proswrini kratikopoiisi twn “arrwstwn “ trapezwn, tin eksugiansi tous apo to kratos kai tin oso to dunaton taxuteri epanidiwtikopoiisi tous – o Krugman vaftise to sugkekrimeno egxeirima ws “pre-privatization”, “pro-idiwtikopoiisi”. Pantws, eite afti tha einai I lusi eite kapoia alli, den uparxei kapoios pou na min vlepei oti gia na arxisei na anastrefetai kapws I katastasi, epivalletai na parthoun metra polu pio drastika, apofasistika kai me pio makroprothesmi stoxefsi apo afta pou mexri stigmis exei parei o Obama.

Ekeino omws to opoio exei apotelesei mexri stigmis tin megaluteri apogoitefsi apo to sunolo twn kinisewn tou neou proedrou sto pedio tis oikonomias, einai I ekponisi tou prwtou tou proupologismou. Panta, o prwtos proupologismos stin thuteia enos proedrou exei isxurotato sumvoliko xaraktira kathws katadeiknuei tin katefthunsi pou stoxevei na akolouthisei oli I proedria kai thetei tous stoxous pou thelei na epituxei. Ypo atermones laikistikes fanfares ki asugastous panugurismous apo tin aristeri pteruga twn Dimokratikwn, parousiastike enas proupologismos o opoios oxi mono endeiksi prospatheias gefurwsis xasmatwn den apotelei, alla einai safestata to apofasistiko vima stin prospatheia epanaprosdiorismou tis Amerikanikis koinwnias kai twn diaxronikwn aksiwn aftis, apo mia entelws kaini vasi. Xaraktiristike efstoxa ws “to oneiro enos aristerou gia mia kainouria Nea Sumfwnia” (anafora sto rousveltiano New Deal twn 30s). To megethos tou aggizei to dusthewrito upsos twn 3.6 tris dollariwn, proupologizontai afksiseis se oles tis morfes kratikwn dapanwn plin twn amuntikogenwn ki ola afta apo enan anthrwpo pou mexri prin ligous mines dierrugnie ta imatia tou oti den pistevei sto megalutero kratos.

Vasiki stoxefsi tou proupologismou apotelei i anadianomi ploutou apo to kratos mesw drastikwn allagwn stin forologia. Afto o Obama stoxevei na to petuxei me katakorufi afksisi twn forwn gia tous plousioterous amerikanous. Lismonei omws, oti oi misoi apo tous amerikanous polites me etisio eisodima panw apo 250,000 dollaria einai idioktites mikrwn epixeirisewn. Oi teleftaioi einai aftoi pou ola afta ta xronia stiriksan tin amerikaniki oikonomia ki opoioi einai upefthunoi gia tin dimiourgia tou 90% twn newn thesewn ergasias ta teleftaia 15 xronia stis IPA. An I kuvernisi Obama pistevei oti o tropos gia na ekselthei apo tin krisi einai na afskisei ta kratika varu stous wmous twn sugkekrimenwn politwn, tote dustuxws planatai planin oiktra. Parallila, ta arithmitika dedomena kai oi provlepseis tou proupologismou mporoun na xaraktiristoun toulaxiston ws polu aisiodiksa, kathws opws egkuroi analutes episimainoun, den einai dunaton na prosdoka xrimatodotisi twn afksisewn twn kratikwn dapanwn apo tin afksisi forologias se ena 5% twn politwn kai monon.

Se ena palaiotero arthro mou, eixa anarwtithei gia to poion Obama tha vlepame sto timoni twn IPA, meta tin eklogiki tou epikratisi. Sugkekrimena, Tha einai o ideologos aristeristis i o pragmatistis metriopathis? Tha emfanistei o gerousiastis me to pio aristero katalogo psifismatwn stin gerousia pou tha thelisei ekmetallevomenos tis apolutes pliopsifies twn dimokratikwn na diasalefsei pros idion kommatiko ofelos tis isorropies tou politikou sustimatos, I o kainotomos xarismatikos politikos pou tha prospathisei na gefurwsei xasmata kai na dimiourgisei ena panethniko alla kai pagkosmio metwpo gia tin antimetwpisi twn muriwn provlimatwn. Ta mexri stigmis pepragmena tou sto oikonomiko pedio sunigoroun uper tou prwtou skelous. Kata tin proeklogiki periodo, o Obama tonize to poso polu thavmazei ton –repoublikano- proedro Reagan. O teleftaios itan aftos pou aksiopoiwntas sto epakro ta paradosiaka opla tis amerikanikis koinwnias – tin epixeirimatikotita, tin kainotomia kai tin atomiki prwtovoulia – odigise tin xwra se mia eikosaetia prwtofavnous anaptuksis. An o kainourios proedros thelei na vgalei tin xwra tou kai mazi me aftin ki olon ton kosmo apo aftin tin sovarotati krisi, tha prepei na akolouthisei akrivws afton ton dromo, ependuontas se afta akrivws ta idanika, milwntas ksana gia tous tropous me tous opoious tha odigisei ksana se troxia anaptiksis ton idiwtiko tomea kai gia to pws tha tonwsei pali tin idiwtiki prwtovoulia. Einai kairos gia tomes kai tharralea vimata pou tha dwsoun stin amerikaniki kai pagkosmia oikonomia tin apaitoumeni wthisi, ki oxi gia kontofthalmes, kairoskopikes kiniseis pou mporoun na ikanopoiisoun mono ena periorismeno kai peinasmeno gia eksousia kommatiko akroatirio. As elpisoume, oti o neos proedros tha apodeixthei antaksios twn peristasewn ki oxi apla aixmalwtos ideoologikwn kai kommatikwn agkilwsewn.

Atomiki efthuni kai politikos fileleftherismos

Kathimerina enimerwnomaste gia erevnes tis koinis gnwmis oi opoies emfanizoun tin apaisiodiksia twn politwn gia to mellon tis xwras kai tin pepoithisi tous gia to oti polu duskola afto to dusoiwno mellon dunatai na allaksei. Idiaitera emfatiki omws tinei na einai I apaisiodoksia kai I apexthia twn politwn –ki idiaitera twn newn- gia tin politiki. Anarwtietai euloga loipon kaneis, pws einai dunaton se mia paradosiaka summetoxiki xwra opws I Ellada na ftasame se afto to simeio ki an ontws uparxei dieksodos, an uparxei kapoio giatriko se aftin tin asthenia tou koinwnikou mas sunolou.

Proswpiki mou apopsi einai oti I riza tou olou provlimatos entopizetai sto gegonos oti stin xwra mas –ki oxi mono- I ennoia tis politikis exei sxedon kath’oloklirian taftistei me aftin tis eksousias. I pleiopsifia oswn emplekontai apo opoiodipote meterizi me tin politiki, asxolountai me aftoskopo kai monadiko tous thelgitro tin eksousia –to kunigi, tin kataktisi kai tin metepeita afaimaksi oswn aporreoun apo aftin. Aftos allwste einai ki o tropos drasis twn sullogikwn upokeimenwn pou droun stin politiki skini – twn politikwn komatwn. Ki ef’oson afta droun me monadiko skopo tous tin kataktisi I tin diatirisi tis opoias morfis eksousias, aporroia aftou apotelei I epimoni pali tous gia tin apofugi opoiasdipote energeias tha mporouse na stathei empodio ston dromo tous pros tin eksousia I stin diatirisi aftis –milw gia to periwnumo politiko kostos. To olon afto skiniko, exei ws logiko kai thluvero sunama epakoloutho tou, tin apaksiwsi tis politikis apo ena megalo komati tis koinwnias mas.

I lusi se afton ton kukewna, einai I epistrofi stin pragmatiki politiki, I epanodos stin riza tis. Kai riza tis politikis den mporei na einai alli apo tin ideologia. Mia ideologia freskia, I opoia tha mporesei na prosferei kaines idees kai na leitourgisei ws puksida gia tin eksevresi swtiriwn monopatiwn makria apo ta tosa provlimata pou mastizoun tin koinwnia mas. O politikos fileleftherismos einai mia ideologia, I opoia mporei na paiksei afton ton rolo. O fileftherismos –an kai evrutata diadedomenos stis dutikes koinwnies- apotelei stin Ellada mia evrews pareksigimeni filosofia, I opoia kata kairous malista exei apotelesei allote to eksilastirio thuma gia tis amarties diaforwn kratikwn leitourgwn ki allote leitourgei ws mpampoulas gia tin prowthisi allotriwn kai idiotelwn mikrokommatikwn sumferontwn.

To komati ekeino tou fileleftherismou to opoio paramenei to pio pareksigimeno einai I atomokentriki tou vasi. O fileleftherismos ws filosofia pairnei ws aparxi tou to atomo. Afto omws se kamia periptwsi omws den simainei oti vasizetai ston egwkentriko wfelimismo I stin agorefsi tis aplistias ws apolutis aretis, opws polloi tou prosdidoun. O fileleftherismos anagnwrizei tin eleftheria ws to upertato agatho kai tin prwtarxiki stoxefsi mias koinwnias ki exei ws vasi tou to pistevw oti kathe anthrwpos dikaioutai na epilegei elefthera tis prakseis tou kai tin poreia zwis tou ef’oson aftes den empodizoun tin antistoixi eleftheria enos sunanthrwpou tou sto na epilegei tis dikes tou. Akrivws otan ola aneksairetws ta meli mias koinwnias prattoun me vasi tis proswpikes tous stoxefseis, tote kai mesw tis ethelontikis sunergasias, einai dunaton na epitefxthoun kai evruteroi koinwniki stoxoi me ta evergetikotera apotelesmata. Min lismonoume, oti I koinwnia den einai tipota parapanw apo ena athroisma atomwn. O Alexis de Tocquiville, o Gallos fileleftheros filosofos, einai allwste aftos o opoios xaraktirise tin epistimi twn sunergeiwn (science of assossiations) ws tin mitera olwn twn epistimwn se mia koinwnia.

Polloi fileleftheroi stoxastes proeidopoioun gia tous kindunous pou emperiexei I Idia I dimokratia, tous opoious paratiroume na ksediplwnontai stis sugxrones koinwnies. O F.A.Hayek anaferetai ektenws stous kindunous pou aporreoun apo tin upesugkentrwsi eksousiwn, tous opoious efiws periegrapse me mia diasimi frasi tou o Lord Acton: “Olwn twn eidwn oi eksousies diaftheiroun, I apoluti eksousia diafthirei apoluta”. O J.S.Mill proeidopoiei gia tin turrania tis pleiopsifias kai to pws afti mporei na odigisei se katastaseis ekfulismou tis dimokratias. Gia afton akrivws ton logo o Karl Popper tonizei tin anagki uparksis afstiris kritikis ki elegxou kathe morfis eksousias apo tous polites, oi opoioi prepei na droun ws agrupnoi frouroi tis eleftherias kai tis dimokratias. Parallila, polloi alloi opws o John Rawls, sugkentrwnontai stin idea tis koinwnikis dikaisunis I opoia oxi mono den antivainei stis pepoithiseis tou fileleftherismou, alla stoxevei stin dimiourgia mias koinwnias allilegiis, I opoia tha steketai ston antipoda tou grafeikratikou teratos pou legetai kratos – stin morfi pou afto katelikse se xwres opws I Ellada.

Einai profanws polu periorismenos o xwros gia na anaptuxthoun ola ekeina ta simeia tis fileleftheris politikis filosofias ta opoia tha mpourousan na leitourgisoun ws faroi gia tin epilusi twn adieksodwn twn sugxronwn koinwniwn. To simeio ekeino omws to opoio isws apotelei kai to pio krisimo olwn, einai I koini pepoithisi olwn aneksairetws twn ekfrastwn tou fileleftherismou, gia tin varunousa simasia pou exei I atomiki prwtovoulia kai I atomiki efthuni.

Idiaitera se kairous duskolous, o kathe politis tha prepei na skeftetai prwtistws to diko tou meridio efthunis kai to pws tha mporesei aftos na sunisferei sto na allaksei I katastasi, apomakrunomenos apo tin apathi idiwtefsi (me tin arxaioelliniki ennoia tou orou idiwtis, ws mi xrisimos politis). Oloi mas eimaste upaitioi ws energoi polites mias dimokratias gia tin koinwnia mesa stin opoia zoume. Emeis tin dimiourgisame, emeis tin odigisame se aftin tin katastasi, emeis eimaste aftoi pou mporoume kai na tin allaksoume. Me to na allaksoume nootropia kai tropo thewrisis twn pragmatwn, me to na min dexomaste amasiti trofi kai na afksisoume tin kritiki mas dunotita, me to na min menoume apathis ki apragoi se katastaseis kai sumperifores pou ektrefoun kai pagiwnoun ta simerina adieksoda, me to na summetexoume energa stis diafores diergasies mias zwogonou koinwnias politwn. Emeis – oxi ta kommata, I kuvernisi I opoiodipote allos “pateroulis”. Emeis, o kathenas ksexwrista ki oloi mazi san ena sunolo atomwn.

O Popper –megalos polemios tou istorikou nteterminismou- eixe grapsei oti “I istoria den grafetai prin pragmatwthei. Kai tin dimiourgoume emeis me tis epiloges mas”. Kairos einai pistevw na arxisoume na droume pros tin pragmatwsi mias neas selidas tis…

I tragwdia, i anikanotita ki i efkairia...

Pagwmeni kai susswmi I elliniki koinwnia parakolouthise ta gegonota tou savvatokuriakou kai ta aponera aftwn. I dolofonia tou 16xronou apo enan astunomiko apotelei anamfisvitita gegonos kataptusto kai eidexthes, to opoio oloi mas monomias katadikasame. O sugkekrimenos astunomikos, stin sugkekrimeni sugkuria, mono sta plaisia tou kathukontos tou den edrase, kathws an eprate analogws tha iksere oti I oploxrisia einai I teleftaia dieksodos kata tin ektelesi twn kathukontwn tou. Katadikazontas aperifrasta tin sugkekrimeni energeia, den dunatai o paratiritis na min kanei ena vima parapera kai na asxolithei me ta osa thluvera akolouthisan tou sugkekrimenou gegonotos.
Apo tin stigmi loipon tou sumvantos kai epeita, olokliri I xwra – ki oxi mono I prwtevousa aftin tin fora – exei vuthistei se ena prwtofanes (??) mparaz leilasiwn, epidromwn, purpolisewn ki olwn ekeinwn twn energeiwn pou thumizoun olo kai perissotero praktikes ounwn kai genikotera apolitistwn koinwniwn perasmenwn aiwnwn. Se ola afta ta thluvera gegonota, I antidrasi tis suntetagmenis politeias itan gia pollosti fora apelpistiki. I anaklastiki antidrasi tou armodiou upourgou itan - afou prwta gia kathara epikopinwniakous logous paratithike- na paraitithei ki apo tin ektelesi twn amewswn kathikontwn tou. Me dilwseis tou stul “ I astunomia prepei na paramenei amunomeni” proidease ousiastka tous pantes gia to ti tha akolouthouse. Ki enw loipon, oi perifimoi – kai mono o xaraktirismos pleon mou prokalei, sugxwreste me, aidia – “gnwstoi-agnwstoi” leilatoun tis periousies olwn mas, I astunomia, upefthuni ousa gia tin tirisi tis taksis kai tis omalotitas se mia evnomoumenmi koinwnia, ti kanei?? Kathetai paradomeni sto apenanti pezodromio kai parakolouthei!!
Ypefthunoi gia ola afta, safestata den mporei na einai oi aploi astunomikoi. Prwta apo ola, varutati efthuni varainei tous ekproswpous ekeinous tou ellinkou laou, oi opoioi me monadiko skeptiko tous to idion kommatiko ofelos, den distazoun na upodavlizoun ews kai na parotrunoun tetoies katastaseis. Giati mono ws tetoia mporei na leifthei I episimi thesi tou kuriou Alavanou, oti o “mikros mpainei sto pantheon twn agwnistwn tis eleftherias”!! Taftoxrona, varutati ki I efthuni twn kuvernontwn, oi opoioi apokardiwtika tremamenoi, apofasisan na parameinoun ametoxoi kai aploi theates stin epi diimerou leilasia olokliris tis xwras!!
Anarwtietai kaneis pws opoiodipote dimokratiko kratos dunatai na ftasei se afyto to simeio. Einai gegonos oti I elliniki koinwnia upestei prin apo liges dekaeties mia thluveri kai vanafsi gia tin leitourgia tis metallaksi. Ekserxomeni apo tin travmatiki eptaeti diktaktroria, I xwra mas itan anamfisvitita mia koinwnia pou mporouse na xaraktiristei ews kai astunomokratoumeni. To terastio lathos itan, oti sxedon en mia nukti, apofasistike na metallaxthei sxedon sto akrivws antitheto! Ena apo ta thluverotera apotelesmata aftis tis metallaksis, apotelei to “kratos en kratei” twn Eksarxeiwn. Se poia dimokratiki koinwnia tou 21ou aiwna noeitai na uparxei perioxi sxedon anarxokratoumeni, opou I astunomia den mporei na epemvei gia tin tirisi tis taksis kai tion prostasia twn politwn??
Edw I analusi ofeilei na proxwrisei ligo vathutera. Dioti mporei men to sugkekrimewno sumvan na einai kataptisto, alla den mporei tetoies katastaseis na tis meletoume kai na tis krinoume toso proklitika monoplevra. Den noeitai o sugkekrimenos 16xronos antieksousiastis na anagorevetai apo polla mesa sxedon se ethniko irwa, otan tin idia stigmi gnwrizoume oloi mas oti stin periptwsi pou dolofoneito o astunomikos, I oli upothesi tha elamvane to ligotero upodeesteres diastaseis. Den dunatai na prospernoume panta to gegonos oti oi aploi astunomikoi pou ergazontai stin sugkekrimeni perioxi tis prwtevousas paizoun kathimerina to kwefali tous korwna grammata, antimetwpizontas tin sugkekrimeni “omada nearwn”. Kai safestata den mporei enas aplos anegkefalos, opws itan o sugkekrimenos astunomikos, na stugmsatizei ena olokliro swma.
Par’ola afta, se mia dimokratia pote den uparxoun adieksoda. Kai polu suxna, kriseis tetoiou megethous apoteloun prwtis taksis efkairies gia tin aparxi gennaiwn metarruthmisewn kai tin xaraksi kainwn poreiwn. Den exei perasei polius kairos apo tote pou megaluteris emveleias ki antistoixou xaraktira gegonota, vuthizan tin galliki dimokratia epi oloklirwn evdomadwn se paremferi ou min xeiroteri katastasi. Poia itan I apantisi ekei? O proedros Sarkozy, drwntas ws tharraleos igetis, pire ameses apofaseis oi opoies metafrstikan se drastika metra gia tin katapolemisi twn sugkekrimenwn fainomenwn. Ta apotelesmata itan kai meso- kai makroprothesma entupwsiaka. O kurios Karamanlis exei sta xeria tou mia terastia efkairia na thesei ena oristiko telos se aftin tin istoria tis “mias xouftas anarxikwn” pou damazei tosa xronia tin koinwnia mas. Arkei I uparksi politikis thelisis kai igetikis pugmis. Allwste, estw ki an arketes fores genniontai, oi megaloi igetes pou simadevoun tin poreia tis xwras tous, sunithws smilevontai mesa apo kriseis kai doksazontai apo tis luseis pou epiferoun se aftes…